Retraction and Corrections Policy

Nomira: Journal of Economics, Management, and Business is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. When errors, ethical concerns, or issues affecting the validity of published research are identified, the journal will take appropriate editorial action in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics standards and the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The journal applies a transparent correction and retraction process to ensure that published information remains accurate, trustworthy, and valuable for researchers, practitioners, and the wider academic community.

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Corrections

A correction notice (Erratum or Corrigendum) may be issued when a published article contains errors that do not affect the validity, interpretation, or overall conclusions of the research.

✔ Typographical errors, formatting mistakes, or minor editorial errors.	✔ Incorrect author information, affiliations, or publication metadata.
✔ Corrections are published after editorial verification.	✔ The original article remains available with a clear link to the correction notice.

Correction notices clearly describe the changes made to maintain transparency and preserve the integrity of the academic record.

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Retractions

An article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that the published findings are unreliable or when serious violations of publication ethics have occurred. Retraction is an action taken to correct the scholarly record and prevent the continued use of invalid or unethical research findings.

Retraction may be considered in cases including, but not limited to:

✔ Plagiarism or significant similarity with previously published works.	✔ Data fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of research results.
✔ Duplicate publication, redundant publication, or inappropriate reuse of content.	✔ Serious violations of research ethics or unethical research practices.
✔ Major methodological errors that invalidate the research conclusions.	✔ Copyright infringement or unauthorized use of protected materials.

A retracted article will remain available online to preserve the transparency of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as "Retracted". A formal retraction notice will be published explaining the reasons for the decision and providing a permanent link to the original article.

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Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when serious questions arise regarding a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify immediate correction or retraction.

The Expression of Concern informs readers that an investigation is ongoing while allowing the journal to conduct a fair, confidential, and evidence-based assessment of the issue.

✔ Published when allegations require further investigation.

✔ Removed only after sufficient evidence and editorial evaluation.

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Editorial Procedure

When concerns regarding published articles are reported, Nomira follows a fair, transparent, and confidential evaluation process. The journal carefully reviews available evidence before making any editorial decision.

1. Receive Reports The journal receives allegations, complaints, or notifications regarding possible errors or publication misconduct.	2. Preliminary Assessment The Editorial Board evaluates the reported issue and determines whether further investigation is required.
3. Investigation The journal may request clarification from authors, consult reviewers, editors, or external experts, and examine supporting evidence.	4. Editorial Decision A decision is made based on available evidence, research integrity principles, and applicable publication ethics guidelines.
5. Publication of Notice When necessary, the journal publishes a Correction, Retraction, or Expression of Concern notice.	6. Maintaining the Record The journal preserves the publication history to ensure transparency and reliability of the scholarly record.

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Compliance with Publication Ethics

Nomira follows internationally recognized publication ethics principles, including the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), to ensure accountability, transparency, and trust in academic publishing.

The journal encourages authors, reviewers, and readers to report any suspected errors or ethical concerns related to published articles so that appropriate action can be taken to maintain research integrity.

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Nomira: Journal of Economics, Management, and Business
Maintaining Research Integrity and Trustworthy Scholarly Communication